SANTALS : Online Encyclopedia

SANTALS , an aboriginal tribe of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal, who have given their name to the See also:

• SANTAL (or SONTHAL) PARGANAS, THE

Santal Parganas (q.v.) . Their See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history is unknown; but it is certain that they have not occupied their See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for longer than a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, having migrated from See also:

• HAZARIBAGH

Hazaribagh, and they are still moving on into See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Bengal . Their See also:

• TOTAL

total number in all See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India is nearly two millions . They speak a See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of the Munda or Kolarian See also:

• FAMILY

family . The Santals as a See also:

• RACE

race care little for permanent homes . They are not true nomads, but they like to be " on the move." In the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-lands they are agriculturists; in the jungles and on the mountains they are skilful hunters, bows and arrows being their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief weapons; on the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands they are See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle breeders . But if fond of See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change the Santals like comfort, and their villages are neat, clean and well built, usually in an isolated position . Their social arrangements are patriarchal . In every See also:

• VILLAGE

village is a headman supposed to be a descendant of the founder of the village . A See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy looks after details; a See also:

• SPECIAL

special officer has See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children's morals, and there is a watchman . Physically the Santals are not prepossessing . The See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face is See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round and blubbery; the cheekbones moderately prominent; eyes full and straight, See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose broad and depressed, mouth large and lips full, See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair straight, See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black and coarse .

The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance approximates to the 'See also:

• NEGROID

negroid type . They are somewhat below the See also:

• AVERAGE

average height of the See also:

• HINDUS

Hindus . They are divided into twelve tribes . In See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character they are a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright, joy-loving See also:

• PEOPLE

people, hospitable and seizing every See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance of a feast . " They have neither the sullen disposition nor the unconquerable laziness of the very old See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill-tribes of central India," writes See also:

• SIR

Sir W . W . See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

Hunter in See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals of Rural Bengal (1868) . " They have carried with them from the plains a love of See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, a genial humanity, with a certain degree of See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization and agricultural habits . Their very vices are the vices of an op-pressed and driven-out people who have lapsed from a higher See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, rather than those of savages who have never known better things." Each village has its See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest who has lands assigned to him; out of the profits he must twice a See also:

• YEAR

year feast the people . At the Sohrai feast—the ' See also:

• HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

harvest-home "—in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December, the headman entertains the villagers, and the cattle are anointed and daubed with See also:

• VERMILION

vermilion and a See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of the See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice-See also:

• BEER

beer is given to each See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal . The Santals have many gods whose attributes are See also:

• ILL

ill-defined, but whose festivals are strictly observed . Marang See also:

• BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

Burn, the See also:

• GREAT

great spirit, is the deity to whom sacrifices are made at the Sohrai .

Among some Santals, e.g. in See also:

• CHOTA (or CHUTIA) NAGPUR

Chota See also:

• NAGPUR

Nagpur, Sing Bonga, the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun, is the supreme deity to whom sacrifices are made . Generally there is no definite See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of a beneficent See also:

• GOD

god, but countless demons and evil See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits are propitiated, and ancestors are worshipped at the Sohrai festival . There is a vague idea of a future See also:

• LIFE

life where the spirits of the dead are employed in the ceaseless toil of grinding the bones of past generations into a dust from which the gods may recreate children . In some villages the Santals join with the Hindus in celebrating the See also:

• DURGA

Durga Puja festival . In the eastern districts the See also:

• TIGER
• TIGER (Felis tigris)

tiger is worshipped . For a Santal to be sworn on a tiger-skin is the most See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn of oaths . The Santals are omnivorous, but they will not See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch rice cooked by a See also:

• HINDU

Hindu . Santal parents undergo See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification five days after childbirth . Santals have adopted as a rite the See also:

• TONSURE (Lat. tonsura, from tondere, to shave)

tonsure of children . See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

Child See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage is not practised, and the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young people make love matches, but the septs are exogamous as a See also:

• RULE

rule . Santals seldom have more than one wife and she is always treated kindly . An open space in front of the headman's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house is set apart for dancing, which is very elaborate and excellent .

The See also:

• FLUTE

flute, upon which they See also:

• PLAY

play well, is the chief Santal See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument . The Santals burn their dead, and the few charred bones remaining are taken by the next of See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin in a See also:

• BASKET

basket to the Damodar, the sacred See also:

• RIVER

river of the Santals in Hazaribagh See also:

• DISTRICT

district, and See also:

• LEFT

left where the current is strongest to be carried to the ocean, the traditional origin and resting See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the Santal race . See E . Tuite See also:

• DALTON
• DALTON, JOHN (1766-1844)

Dalton, Descriptive See also:

• ETHNOLOGY

Ethnology of Bengal (See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, 1872) ; F . B . See also:

• BRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE (1821–1903)
• BRADLEY, JAMES (1693–1762)

Bradley-Birt, The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of an See also:

• INDIAN

Indian Upland (1905) .

Source: http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SAC_SAR/SANTALS.html

Share on Google Plus

About Santali Pạrsi