The Santali language is part of the Austro-Asiatic family, distantly related to
Vietnamese and Khmer.The long history of the Satals may be traced from the
age of human migration that started from Africa.Lot of recent findings bring
the theory that human from Africa had started to migrate eastward that is in
Asia. A few of the Indian anthropologist also believe the fact that human first
came in India about 65000-55000 years ago. The earliest of them were Proto
Australoids followed by the Proto Dravidians. The Proto Australoids can be
identified with some facial characteristics such as low forehead, thick lips, wide
jaw and wavy hair .Historians believe that they were the ancestors of the tribal
community residing in the eastern part of India (excluding hilly portions).So
the Santals,Oraons ,Khols and Mundas may be the descendants of them.
But in those times they were mainly in the Neanderthal stage that is their
primary way of subsistence were hunting and food gathering. As many of
contemporaries in Africa and other parts of Asia . The agrarian way of living
was brought by the Aryans who came about in the 1500 B.C.The inhabitants
of the Mohenjo –Daro civilization that existed in the Pakistan and parts of
India were also may be originally Proto-Australoids as may be inferred from
their sculptures and statues of the dancing girl and others. How the Mohenjo-
Daro civilization annihilated is a big question whether there was an Aryan
invasion or a major environmental change that wiped them out is still under
research and every day new theories are coming out.
Coming back to the history of tribals, the Proto Australoids their earliest
ancestors started living in the forest in the eastern part of India .
The Santali script, or Ol Chiki, is alphabetic, and does not share any of the
syllabic properties of the other Indic scripts such as Devanagari. It uses 30
letters and five basic diacritics. It has 6 basic vowels and three additional
vowels, generated using the Gahla Tudag .
The Santal script is a relatively recent innovation. Santali did not have a
written language until the twentieth century. A distinct script was required to
accommodate the Santali language, combining features of both the Indic and
Roman scripts. The modern Ol Chiki script was devised by Pandit Raghunath
Murmu in 1925. He wrote over 150 books covering a wide spectrum of
subjects such as grammar, novels, drama, poetry, and short stories in Santali
using Ol Chiki as part of his extensive programme for uplifting the Santal
community. Darege Dhan, Sidhu-Kanhu, Bidu Chandan and Kherwal Bir are
among the most acclaimed of his works. Pandit Raghunath Murmu is popularly
known as Guru Gomke among the Santals, a title conferred on him by the
Mayurbhanj Adibasi Mahasabh.
Source:http://www.firstlightindia.org/Santhalcommunity.html
Vietnamese and Khmer.The long history of the Satals may be traced from the
age of human migration that started from Africa.Lot of recent findings bring
the theory that human from Africa had started to migrate eastward that is in
Asia. A few of the Indian anthropologist also believe the fact that human first
came in India about 65000-55000 years ago. The earliest of them were Proto
Australoids followed by the Proto Dravidians. The Proto Australoids can be
identified with some facial characteristics such as low forehead, thick lips, wide
jaw and wavy hair .Historians believe that they were the ancestors of the tribal
community residing in the eastern part of India (excluding hilly portions).So
the Santals,Oraons ,Khols and Mundas may be the descendants of them.
But in those times they were mainly in the Neanderthal stage that is their
primary way of subsistence were hunting and food gathering. As many of
contemporaries in Africa and other parts of Asia . The agrarian way of living
was brought by the Aryans who came about in the 1500 B.C.The inhabitants
of the Mohenjo –Daro civilization that existed in the Pakistan and parts of
India were also may be originally Proto-Australoids as may be inferred from
their sculptures and statues of the dancing girl and others. How the Mohenjo-
Daro civilization annihilated is a big question whether there was an Aryan
invasion or a major environmental change that wiped them out is still under
research and every day new theories are coming out.
Coming back to the history of tribals, the Proto Australoids their earliest
ancestors started living in the forest in the eastern part of India .
The Santali script, or Ol Chiki, is alphabetic, and does not share any of the
syllabic properties of the other Indic scripts such as Devanagari. It uses 30
letters and five basic diacritics. It has 6 basic vowels and three additional
vowels, generated using the Gahla Tudag .
The Santal script is a relatively recent innovation. Santali did not have a
written language until the twentieth century. A distinct script was required to
accommodate the Santali language, combining features of both the Indic and
Roman scripts. The modern Ol Chiki script was devised by Pandit Raghunath
Murmu in 1925. He wrote over 150 books covering a wide spectrum of
subjects such as grammar, novels, drama, poetry, and short stories in Santali
using Ol Chiki as part of his extensive programme for uplifting the Santal
community. Darege Dhan, Sidhu-Kanhu, Bidu Chandan and Kherwal Bir are
among the most acclaimed of his works. Pandit Raghunath Murmu is popularly
known as Guru Gomke among the Santals, a title conferred on him by the
Mayurbhanj Adibasi Mahasabh.
Source:http://www.firstlightindia.org/Santhalcommunity.html
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